Let us learn japanese

• jikoushokai (introduce (your self))

hajimemashite (Let me introduce)
watashi no name wa ...... (my name is.....)
....... kara kimashita (i from ......) {may the name of the city or your country of origin}
......sai desu (my age .......)
douzou yoroshiku onegaishimasu (please help / nice to know you)

japanese alphabet

hiragana = words are in use in japanese

katakana = words are in use in foreign language

kanji = china alphabet

• sentence patterns in Japanese

subject + object + predicate

example : watashi wa gohan o tabemasu

watashi (subject)
gohan (object)
tabemasu (verb / predicate)
wa (subject pronoun)
o (auxiliary object)

• how to read kanji?

onyomi = japanese - china

さ ん (san (for montain)) せん  (sen(for river))

example :
(write using hiragana)
ふじ - さん (fuji - san) (fuji montain)
しなの -  せん (shinano - sen) (shinano river)

kunyomi = japanese - japanese
山 (yama (for montain))  川  (kawa(for river))

example :
(write using kanji)
富士山 (fuji - yama) (fuji montain)
信濃川 (shinano - kawa) (shinano river)

• hiragana rules

How to make the 'ten-ten' letters. A 'ten-ten' is like a double- quote (") It changes the sound of the letter to a harder sound. You can ONLY 'ten-ten' the 'K' row, the 'S' row, the 'T' row and the 'H' row. (look at the chart to the right - the red ones are the ones with slightly difficult pronunciation)

Now look at the chart below. You will see that

the 'K' row becomes 'G' (still the same good ole  ka only with a ten-ten ; notice it is a harder sound) 

the 'S' row becomes 'Z' (again harder sound) 

the 'T' row becomes 'D' 

the 'H' row becomes 'B' or 'P' ('B' is with a ten-ten (ex.  ba) and 'P' is with a circle (ex.  pa))

• different uses

じ ji ず zu not same  ぢ ji づ zu  although the same pronunciation but ぢ ji づ zu have some rules in use

1. not often used
2. unlimited use of the word
3. used in twin alphabet example : つづく (tsuzuku (to be continued)) , ちぢむ (chijimu(decrease))
4. compoud word example : はなぢ (hanaji(nosebleed)) = はな (hana(nose)) + ち (chi(blood)) , みかづき (mikazuki(crescent moon)) = みか (mika(crescent)) + つき (tsuki(moon))

• ん rules

1. ん + k / ん + g = ng example : (write) genki = (read) gengki (good)
2. ん + p / ん + b / ん + m = m example : (write) shinbun = (read) shimbung (newspaper) , (write) shinpai = (read) shimpai (worried) , (write) shinmai = (read) shimmai (new people)

• double consonant (little つ)

example : こっち (kotchi(here))

• long vocal

1. obaasan (grandmother)
2. ojiisan (grandfather)
3. okaasan (mother)
4. otousan (father)
5. oniisan (brother)
6. oneesan (sister)

obasan not same with obaasan because have a different meanigs (obasan = aunt) and sentence oni not same with oniisan because have a different meanigs (oni = devils)

• verb commonly used

1. (write) ikimasu (read) kaimas (go) dictionary version iku
2. (write) nomimasu (read) nomimas (drink) dictionary version nomu
3. (write) kaimasu (read) kaimas (buy) dictionary version kau
4. (write) tabemasu (read)  tabemas (eat) dictionary version taberu

• how to write alphabet

furigana

example : 

かん	じ (furigana)
漢	字

or

漢	か ん
字	じ

fuction : easy for read kanji

okirugana (hiragana follow kanji)

食(ta)べ(be)る(ru) = 食べる

• formal and informal sentence

formal

me
watashi
(write) watakushi (read) watakshi

you
anata

oyasuminasai (good night) (usually parent for child)

watashi wa ringo o tabemasu (i want eat apple)

o-tanjoubi omedetou gozaimasu (happy birthday) お誕生日おめでとうございます

minna-san (everybody)

dewa arimasen (not mine)

informal

me
boku / ore (for man)
atashi (for girls)

you
omae (for man)
kimi (for girls)

oyasumi

atashi wa ringo taberu (i want eat apple)

tanjoubi omedetou (happy birthday) 誕生日おめでとう

minna (everybody)

jyanai (not mine) (usually used for elementary school)

• polite language

ano hito (general) 

ano kata (polite) 

(that person) 

example : 

ano hito wa nihon-go sensei desu

ano kata wa nihon-go no sensei desu

(that person is japanese teacher)

nan-sai desu ka (general)

o-ikutou desu ka? (polite) 

(how old are you)

o- 

example : 

o-genki desu ka? (how are you?)

o-tanjoubi omedetou gozaimasu (happy birthday) お誕生日おめでとうございます

o-ikutou desu ka? (how old are you)

go- 

example : 

go-shinsetsu (your kindness) 

go-shinsetsu wasaremasen (i will not forget your kindness)